Electric heat-control system for type-casting machines



June 22 1926, 1,589,466

w. s.- HADAWAY, JR

ELECTRIC HEAT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TYPE CASTING MACHINES Filed Sept. 6; 1921 s Sheets-Sheet 1 June 22 ,1926. 1,589,466

7 W. S. HADAWAY,' JR

ELEGTRIG HEAT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TYPE CASTING MACHINES Filed Sept 6, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jun 22 1926.

W. S. HADAWAY, JR

ELECTRIC HEAT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TYPE CASTING MACHINES Filed Sept. 6,1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented June 22, 1926.

WILLIAM. S. HADAWAY, 33., OF NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK.

HIEGTRIC HEAT-CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TYPE-GASTING MACHINES.

Application filed September 6, 1921. Serial No. 498,820.

This invention relates to heaters for linotype machines, and more particularly to improvements in heat generation and in distribution and control of operating media for type-casting machines and the like.

Broadly stated, it is the object'of the present inventlon to provide a system of heating for type-casting machines, of im roved efficieno and to reduce the operatmg costs of sue machines by providing for each of the parts and cooperating members heating means most suitable for that part.

Another object is to of pots supplied with a eating medium by a master heat generator, with means in each of the pots for melting the metal or other working material, and also means 0 erable by the same generator for refining t e material to prepare the same properly for use in the pots.

Another object relates to an improved form of refining furnace in which the refining of the working material is accomplished with the amount of heat necessary for that purpose with means for controlling the temperature using a -great proportion of low cost heat, and a smaller proportion of relatively high cost heat, and employing the products resulting therefrom to prepare the working material finally for use in casting.

Still another obiect relates to a device for liguefying meta whereby incoming heat trans errin medium'is caused to actuate the device and liefore being exhausted is caused to pass through a heat exchange chamber, so as to give uppractically all its heat to the work.

Another feature relates to a linotype pot adapted to deliver molten metal to a type casting device, and provided with a throat of improved efiiciency.

A further object relates to a melting pot in which a major actuating medium is employed for obtaining an a proximation of a predetermined degree of; eat, and an additional medium is employed variably to obtain accurate adjustment to a desired temerature. The first named medium has a ow cost characteristic and the second is rovide a plurality easily controlled, thus combining the desir- 0 able features of both in obtaining an efiicient and inexpensively operated device.

Another object relates to means whereby I the level of the metal in the several crucibles is held uniform with that of the master melting and tempering pot.

,Another object relates to supplying molten metal continuously to each of the crucibles connected to the master supply, wherebyattendant labor costs are reduced and a maximum degree of uniformity of temperature is maintained at all points of the s stem.

Still another object relates to tempering the metal and regulating the temperature thereof by means of a master temperature controller co-operating with the master melting pot, whereby the use of individual temperature controllers may be obviated if desired.

Another object relates to a'heating sys tem wherein electricity is employed to actuate and control the burnin of fuel; the combustion products and eat resulting therefrom are further utilized in combination with electroresponsive means for supplying heatto a plurality of utilities spaced from the fuel burning apparatus.

Another object relates to a system for supplying heat to a group of type casting machines, as well as molten metal from a master heater adapted for individual operation and control of one or more of the type casting machine elements, whereby the separate requirements of one ofsuch machines may be fulfilled independent of other portions of the system.

I .Another object relates to theuse of crucibles of reduced size whereby the heat losses are materially lessened thereby increasing the efiiciency of the system.

Still another object relates to the distri-' F bution of the working material whereby molten metal is transferred from therefining furnace to the individual pots. According to this feature, the metal is l 'subject during itstransitionthrough the-system to the action ofth e heat transferring medium being transmitted from the master furnace to heat the pots. Thus the metal'is kept in a fluid state and readily flows through thesystem. Other objects will appear as the description of the invention progresses. Referring to the drawings- Fig. 1 s owe a source of steam, a heat generator and distributing means. 1 i Fig. 2 shows. one of the melting pots and temperature regulating mechanism therefor. Fig. 3 shows a section of a distributing channel.

Fig. 4 shows a branch tap connected to the main channel.

Fig. 5 shows the construction of the heat exchange member.

Fig. 6 shows the superheater and a wiring dia am of the electrical apparatus.

ig. 7 is an end view of the mouthpiece of a melting pot.

Like characters of reference indicate cor- .responding parts throughout all the figures of. the drawings. Y

Referring to the drawings, one embodiment of my invention comprises a heat generator havlng an ou'ter casing 10 of refractory material open at the top, the outer surface of which may be covered with metal as shown at 11. An inner casing is ma'de of similar refractory material, and is also open at the top, and fitswithin'theouter casing. A receptacle of refractory materrial, also open at the top, fits within this inner casing, and is provided with a flange 31 near its upper end which fits an annular groove in the inner casing to position the receptacle. A. plurality'of passages such as "40 extends from the upper portion ofthe deviceto the outlet 41. q

A member is formed in a shape to correspond with that of'the top of the cas ing 10 and forms a seal therefor. Said suitable material and has a relatively thick bottom portion 46 adapted to difiuse heat. Tlie side walls 47 extend upwardly a suitable distance to form a vat of a desired capacity for refining pigs and slugs of metal are hollow to forman annular chamber in which 'is supported a continuous passage 151 interconnecting the outlet 41 with an exterior ipe 150. Thus additional'surface is secure whereby the heat of the vapor and gases in the passage ma be imparted to the metal in the vat, as will be set forth subsequently. Q s Wit in the inner casing 20 and below the. f receptacle 30 is formed a heat generating. chamber. A plurality of vapor heaters is placed within this chamber. In the present embodiment two such heaters are shown designated by the reference numerals 50 and 51. These rest upon ledges formed on the member may be made of cast iron or other to be used in the typesetting operation and eeaaee inner surface of the inter casing in such a way as to hold them transversely across the chamber so that they divide the chamber into'three compartments 52, 53 and 54. These vapor heaters comprise porous body lportions 55 in WlllCh are embedded electrical eater elements 56 and 57 A practical form of vapor heater for this purpose is described in detail in Patent'No. 1,349,131 issued to me August 10, 1920.

The lower part of the rece tacle is of reduced diameterand through t is part extends transversely' a hollow dissociation heater or glower 32. This is a perforated tubepreferably in the form of a fulgurite and made of oxides of magnesia or other material which may be 0 erated at a glowing temperature and which is a conductor of electricity only when hot.

The electrical connections of the dissocia tion heater 32 and the heater elements 56,

57 with a source of electric current may be made in any desired manner, as for example as shown in 'Fig. 3 of my copending application Serial No. 389,545, filed June 17, 1920, electric furnaces.

In the outer surface of the inner casin 20 is a spiral groove 21 with the lower en of which is connected an air inlet 22 which may. be controlled by a valve 23. An annular groove 24 in the inner surface of the inner casing is connected with the upper part ofthe spiral groove 21 by radial passages 25. Radial passages 33 through the receptacle connect groove 24 with the space within the receptacle. An air pump or blower 26 is provided to cause a current of air to be supplied to these passages.

The inlet 14 is connected by a p1pe 60 to a suitable source 61 of hot vapor. The outlet 41 is connected to the passage 151, exterior pipe 150 and thence to a pipe 64 which forms a part of a main line distributing pipe 62 and through subsidiary taps ,or branches such as 63 to a plurality of utilities such as 70, 79. The pi e 64 is enclosed within the pipe 62. In t e present embodiment the utilities comprise melting pots for linotype machines and machines of like character. The distributing channelrmay extend to as many such devices as required, and these Hill it being understood that in 'practice.the

member 45 may be on a level with the utillties or may be any other desired relation therew th instead of as shown.

66, 67 in spaced relation with each other and with the pipe 64 so as to be electrically insulated.

Other forms of the distributing pipe 62 and taps 63 are shown in Patent 1,383,107

. issued to me June 28, 1921.

The pipe 64 is joined to an ordinary pipe I T 68 whereby a tap may be taken off at an are the binding angle. The packing 65 is slightly enlarged and suitably formed to enclose this T. On one side of the T on the main line, and spaced apart therefrom on the branch line posts 69, 69 electrically insulated, which are connected with the internal wires 66, 67. Suitable jumpers are provided between the respective pairs of binding posts whereby main line conductors 66, 67 are connected to corresponding conductors'in the branch tap. Each of the condutors of the branch tap is terminated on similar insulated binding posts 59, positioned relatively near the utility. Said binding posts 59, 59 may be connected to a control switch separably operable or actuated automatically by a shut off valve 71. as desired. Thus the circuit through the conductors of a branch tap may be opened or closed in a convenient manner and the vapor shutoff from the utility.

The resistance of the conductors in the branch taps of the system may either be similar to or different from those of the main line. I prefer to provide conductors of higher resistance per unit length in the branch tap relative to the main line. In other cases, the conductors may beomitted -in the main line,-where' type castingmachines are few in number and "the main line relatively short, or omitted altogether where the temperature of the heating medium is pct 79 (Fig.

sufficiently high to render the electrical heating means unnecessary.

' The interior of the vat 45 is connected by a radial passage 155 to an exteriorpipe 156 leading tothe passage 152, which as shown in Fig. 4, isconnected to taps -156 corresponding to the taps 63. Valves may be provided at the points 157 for'shutting off the passages when desired. a

At he end of each of the branch taps 63 away from the main channel 62 is a utility such for example as a type casting melting 2). That shown comprises a body portion I insulation 82 between them.

The crucible comprises a chamber 83 hav- ,ing a piston 160 secured to an actuating rod 80 and an outer shell 81 with- 161. Supported in the insulation 82 near the walls of the crucible is a heater 86 which will be more fully described later. cruible is provided with a well 162 and a throat 84 through which its contents are ejected upon downward movement of the piston 160. The body portion 80 has a top plate 85 forming a coverin fixed position.

Mounted within the pot is a receptacle 88 having an aperture 89 through its bottom surface, which is positioned immediately above the chamber 83. Said receptacle 88 is suitably supported, as for example, by means of a flange 91 which may rest upon the rim of the pot. A removable lid 93 is provided for giving'access to the interior. For introducing metal into the receptacle 88, the branch tap passage 156 is led through the wall portion of the crucible and is arranged to discharge into the interior of the receptacle. The drawings show the distributing pipes in schematic form, it being understood that any suitable arrangements may be em ployed. V

The form and capacity of the receptacle 88 may of course be varied, considerably from the specific proportions illustrated, depending upon the requirements of the work. It may, if necessary extend above-the top 85, the cover 93 then being adapted to fit the .top of the receptacle.

The

The receptacle 88 com rises two nesting cup shaped shells secure together at their edges, preferably by being welded. Around the sides and bottom thereof, and between said enclosing shells is a double pi e forming a heat exchange member. T is heat exchange member is shown-'diagrammati-' cally in unbent form in Fig. 5, and comprises an inner pipe or vapor conductor 101 joined at one of its ends 102 to the heat generator by means of the vapor iconductors 62, 63 already described. Said pipe 101 is of smaller diameter than the casing 103 coextensive therewith, and is held 'in spaced relation therewithby a porous mass 104, preferably ofgranular carborundum or the like. The interior of pipe 101 may be filled with similar material. 1

The heat exchange member just described may be coiled around withinthe walls of receptacle 88in helical formation, and in. grid like formation within the bottom wall,

or it may be bent in U-shaped formation around said receptacle or it may be formed in other suitable shapes so as to be in active relation to the contents of the receptacle. The end 102 of the. casing 103 is provided with a plurality of vents such as 105 open to the atmosphere, constructed to permit the esca e of vapor wh'ile retaining mass 104 in p ace.

The end 106 of pipe' 101 is connected by a pipe 107 to the heater 86. r

The heater 86 is shown diagrammatically "as shown in the drawings.

in Fig. 6 'andpreferably comprises a tubular casing 110 connected at one end to the pipe 107. Within the casing is a porous mass 111 similar to the mass 104. Supported in the mass 111 and electrically in- The throat 84 extends from the well 162 to the mouthpiece 120 and is sli htly curved the throat is a heater passage 121 which may extend only above the main passageof the throat, or only below it, or on eit er or both sides or may surround it. As shown a helical passage surrounds the throat from its base to its mouth, and is connected by a passage 122 to the end 106 of the casing 103'. 1

The assageway 121 shown may be iormed at t e-' time the throat structure is cast by employing a core made of tubing filled with carborundum or the like. Thus the carborundum core is positioned within the casting and in operation forms a passage for the conduction of vapors and gases, substan tially helical in form. Another modification comprises a coil formed to enclose the throat structure 'by being wrapped around.

the outside of the throat.

The mouthpiece is positioned to deliver molten metal through the cavity of a mold wheel (not shown) to a type casting device.

Above the mouthpiece 120 is" a transverse enlargement 123 t rough an aperture of which extends a mercur bulb 124. By means of a tube 125, sa1d bulb is opera tively connected to a regulator 130, which may be of the form shown in- Patent 1,282,- 221 issued to me on October 22, 1918.

Said regulator comprises a casing 131 mounted in any. desired manner,'in which is supported a mechanism responsive to expansion and contraction of the mercury in the bulb 124. The mechanism is constructed to open contacts 133 when the mercury expands a predetermined amount from a set standard, and to close contacts 134when a predetermined amount of contraction takes place. Adjustments are provided for varying the set standard when desired.

As shown in the wiring diagram of Fig. 6 the contacts 133 are included in circuit with a conductor 112 while contacts 134 urrounding menace according to changes in temperature of the metal within the vat controls the electrical connections to the heaters within the chamber 52 of the master furnace and thus the temperature of the metal may be predetermined with accuracy by an adjustment of the regulator 171. It is understood that the systemmay be operated with regulators 171 and 130 for controlling the master furnace and the individual utility respectively or only the regulator 171 may be employed, thereby greatly reducin the number of regulators required; or o y the regulators. 130 may be employed, thus providing for work of unlike character at the various utilities. An extremely flexible system is thereby obtained which may be employed for a variety of urposes. For example, in newspaper wor it is desirable to produce type molds at a very high speed and of a uniform character; in this case regulator 171 would be employed and regulators-130 would be dispensed with. in a job printin shop, however, a number of varieties o molds would have to be cast in accordance with the diflerent grades and qualities of work being put through the shop at a given time; in this case regulators 130 would be employed andh the regulator 171 would be dispensed wit A Still another form of installation might require the combinations of the two systems just described.

In operation, hot vapor is supplied from the source 61 to the furnace or heat generator. An electric current is caused to flow temporarily through vapor heaters 50, 51. The vapor being admitted 'by way of inlet to make it a conductor of electricity and the temperature of the tube is raised to the glowing point. by an electrical current pass-- mg throu h it. This degree of heat is cient to up into its constituent elets, hydrogen and oxygen, and the oxygen is recombinedion till

14 passes through vapor heater 50 and is super The heated issociate-the vapor, breaking it i with the contents 34 of receptacle 30 by combustion. The dissociation of the vapor takes up heat and serves as an automatic means for preventing an indefinite increase in the temperature of the tube 32. I have found that the vapor is not entirely dissociated, and in the present invention I employ the unconsumed vapor together with the gaseous combustion products for the additional purpose of transferring and exchanging heat, as will be set forth subsequently.

When the valve 23 is open, air will be admitted to the receptacle and into the flame which will unite with the burning gases and further increase their temperature. In doing this the air will circulate in the spiral groove 21 where it will become pre-heated to a certain extentand will at the same time increase the heat insulating effects of the casings 10 and 20. p

The gases resulting from the action just described together with the uncombined vaporfind a .path of escape through the peesages 41, 150 into the conduit 64: of the main distributing pipe 62 and to the several utilities connected thereto. 7

A source of current 140 is connected to the conductors 66, 67 through a'switch 141.

The circuit between the bindin posts 59, 59 adjacent to the melting pot T9 is now closed manually; or if desired, it may be done automatically by'the use of a switch operated by the valve 71. The valve 71 is placed in its open position. The vapor now flows into the heat exchange member 101 of the receptacle 88. Emer 'ng therefrom it flows through passage 10 to the vapor heater 86, where it becomes superheated; switch 138 having been closed, an actuating current flows through the circuit; generator 137, switch 138, conductor 150 (Fig. 2) contact 134 of regulator 131 (closed at low temperatures), conductor 151, conductor 113, to the opposite pole of generator 137.

The superheated .vapor flows through the passage 115 to the throat heating passage 121; then through passage 122 to the outer casing 103 of the heat exchange chamber,

whence it escapes tothe atmosphere through vents 105, as shown in Fig; 5.

The vessel {15, in combination with the high efiiciency heat generator forms a convenient, simple and economical means of refining the metal. The metal is placed in the vessel 45, and the heat of the generator causes the metal to melt. The refined metal then flows through the system into the wells 83.

The metal is heated to .a predetermined degree of heat according to the adjustment of the re ulator 130. In the arrangement of- Fig. 6, tie contact 134 remains closed until the predetermined temperature is attained, whereupon the circuit of heat generating conductor 113 is broken. The working heat is maintained by the heat dissipated by the other conductor 112. If for any reason the temperature becomes greater than a. predetermined amount regulator 130 causes the contact 133 to be opened, thus breaking the circuit of conductor 112 until the mouthpiece 120 cools oli' slighty. If, for any reason, the temperature falls below the predetermined point, the contact 134: closes the circuit of heat generating-conductor 113 to heat the superheater rapidly, until the temperature is restored.

The molten metal is discharged from mouthpiece 120 into'the type casting device.

It should be noted that before the gases finally escape, their heat is utilized to the utmost degree in being exchanged in the chamber 103, so that a minimum loss of energy results.

The structure provides the proper degree of heat for each of the stages of the operation, with a single operating system of heat generation and distribution.

While I have shown one form of the invention for the purpose of illustration and description, it will be understood that the scope of the invention is not to be limited thereby, reference being had to the appended claims for that purpose.

What I claim is: a

1. In a heating system for a type casting machine, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a fuel combustion chamber, an, electric glower therein, and

' means for passing a vapor through said glow'er into fuel in the combustion chamber, means for passing the unconsumedvapor from said furnace to said machine, and a heater for said machine operated by said unconsumed vapor to. finally prepare the working metal for ,use in the machine.

2. In a heating system for type casting machines, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a fuel combustion chamber, an electric glower therein, and means for passing avapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, means for passing the unconsumed vapor from said furnace to mid machines, and a heater for each of said machines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine.

3. In a heating system for a type casting machine, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a fuel combustion chamber, an electric glower therein, and ineans for passing a vapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, said glower being arranged to raise the temperature of the vapor to a point above the ignition point of the fuel, 'means for passing the unconsumed vapor from said furnace to said machine, and a heater for said machine menace operated by said unconsumed vapor to finaland means for admittin air to the combusly prepare the working metal for use in the means for passin machine.

4. In a heating system for type casting machines, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a fuel combustion chamber, an electric glower therein, and a vapor through said lower into fuel in the combustion chamher, said glower being arranged to raise the temperature of the vapor to a point above the ignition point of the fuel, means for .which is a non-conductor o passing the unconsumed vapor from said furnace to said machines, and a heater for each of said machines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine.

5. In a heating system for a type casting machine, an electric furnace for refinin'g the working metal comprising a fuel co bustion chamber, an electric lower there 11, which is a non-conductor o electricity at ordinary temperatures but a conductor when hot, and means for passing hot vapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, means for passing the unconsumed va or from said furnace to said machine, an a heater for said machine operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the worlmng metal for use in the machine.

(ii-In a. heating system for t pe casting machines, an electric furnace or refining the working metal comprising a fuel combustion chamber, an electric lower therein,

E electricity at ordinary temperatures but a conductor when 1 hot, and means for passing hot vapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, means for passing the unconsumed va or from said furnace to said machines, an a heater for each of said machines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machines.

7. In a heating system for a type casting machine, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a fuel combus-.

tion chamber, an electric glower therein, which is a non-conductor of electricity at ordinary temperatures but a conductor when hot, and means for admitting air to the combustion chamber, means for passing the unconsumed vapor from said furnace to said machine, and a heater for said machine operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machines.

8. In a heating system for t pe casting'machines, an electric furnace or refining the working metal comprising a fuel combustion chamber, an electric glower therein, which is a non-conductor of electricity at ordinary temperatures but a conductor when hot,

machines, and a heater for 'each of said machines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machines.

9. In a heating system for a type casting machine, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a fuel combustion chamber, an e ectric 'glower therein, and means for admittin an to the combustion chamber, means or assing the unconsumed va or from said urnace'toeaid machine, an a heater for. said machine operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine.

10. In a heating system for type casting machines, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprisin bustion chamber, an electric g ower therein, and means for admitting air to the combustion chamber, means for passing the consumed va or from said, furnace to said machines, an a heater for each of said machines operated by said unconsunifil to finally prepare the working met for use in the machine.

' 11. In a heating system for a type castthe working metal comprisin bustion chamber, an electric g ower therein, and means for passing a vaporthrough said glower into fuel in the combustionchamber, a conducting passage for passing the inconsumed vapor from said furnace to said machine, a heater for said machine operated by. said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine, and electric heat generating conductors in said passage for raising the temperature of the vapor.

12. In a heating system for t pe casting machines, an electric furnace or refining the working metal comprisin a fuel combustion chamber, an electric g ower therein, and means for passing a vapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, a conducting passage for'passing the unconsumed vapor from said furnace to said ma chines, a heater for each of said machines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the workin metal for use in the ,machine; and electric heat generating con- 'ductors' in said passage for raising the temperature of the vapor. Y 1 3. In a heating system for machines, an electric furnace or refining the working metal comprisin a fuel combustion chamber, an electric g ower therein, and means for passing a Va or through said glower into fuel in the coin ustion chamber, a conducting passage for passing the un-' tfype casting vapor disconnect at least one of said heaters,

consumed vapor from said furnace to said machines, a heater for each of said machines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine, electric heat generating conductors in said passage for raisin the temperature of the vapor, a shut-off valve t3 means to automatically control the current in said electric heat generating conductors proportionally to the. numberof active heaters 14. In a heating system for type casting machines, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a fuel combustion chamber, an electric glower therein, and means for passing a vapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, a conducting passage for passing the unconsumed vapor for said furnace to said machines, a heater for each of said machines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine, electric heat generating conductors in said passage for raising the temperature of the vapor, a shut-off valve to disconnect each of said heaters independently, and means actuated by said valve to automatically open the circuit of at least a portion of said conductors 15. A hating system for type casting machines, comprising an electric furnace for refining the working metal and a crucible actuated by heat from said furnace said crucible having a chamber adapted to receive melted metal from said furnace, and an automatic regulator responsive to variations in temperature of said furnace for variably controlling said furnace.v

16. A heating system for type casting machines comprising an electric furnace for refining the working metal and a plurality of non-contiguous crucibles actuated by heat from said furnace each having a chamber adapted to receive melted metal from said furnace, and an automatic regulator responsive to variations in temperature .of said furnace for variably controlling said furnace. Y i

17. The combination with ametal working machine, a liquefying potfor said machine a heat exchange member for said pot adapted to maintain liquefaction, of a. master furnace to supply heat transferring medium for the pot and to refine metal for use in.

said pot.

' 18. The combination with a plurality of metal working machines, a liquefymg pot for each of said machines, a heat exchangemember for each of said pots adapted to maintain liquefaction, of a master furnace to supply heat transferring medium for the pots and to refine metal for use in said pots.

19. The combination with a metal workbeneath the a liquefying pot for said ma-' ber for saidE a master furnace to supply heat transferring medium for the pot and-to refine metal for use in said pot, and conducting means for transferring the medium from said furnace.

20. The combination with a plurality of metal working machines, a liquefying pot for each of said machines, a heat exchange member for eachof said pots adapted to maintain liquefaction, of a master furnace to supply heat transferring medium for the pots and to refine metal for use in said pots, and conducting means for transferring the medium from aid furnace.

21. The combination with a plurality of type setting machines; a melting pot for each of said machines comprising a receptacle for type metal, a heat exchange member within the walls of said receptacle, said receptacle having a perforated bottom; a

chamber positioned beneath a perforation in the bottom of the receptacle, said chamber having an electrical vapor heater adjacent thereto and a throat for withdrawing the contents of said chamber; a sou'rce of heat transferring medium, conducting means for transferring vapor to said melting pots; of-a master furnace to heat the vapor for rendering the pots active and to refine the metal for use in said pots.

22. The combination with a plurality of type casting machines; a corresponding number of melting pots for supplying molten metalto said machines, each comprising a receptacle having a perforated bottom and adapted to be suspended in the body of the ot to receive metal, a heated throat for discharging the metal and a heated well positioned beneath the perforation in the bottom of said receptacle for heating the metal and a source of heat transferring medium and means for conducting said medium to said melting pots; of a single furna'ce adapted to heat the medium and to refine the metal'for use in said pots.

' '23. The combination with a plurality of type settin machines, a corresponding numberof me ting pots for supplying molten metal to said machines, each comprising a receptacle having a perforated bottom and double Walls enclosing a tortuous heat exchange member for conducting heat transferring medium and adapted to be suspended in the body of the pot to receive metal, a. throat for discharging the metal to the type setting machine, a passage adjacent said throat forconducting the medium for heating the throat, and a well ositioned erforation in the ottom of said receptac e, an electrically heated passage adjacent. said well for conducting themedium for heating the well; and ,a source of heat transferring medium and means for from said of said heat exchange member, the well passage, throat passage and outlet passage of'said heat exchange member in order; of a single furnace adapted to superheat said medium before its passage to said ,passages and to refine the metal for use in said pots.

24. In a heating system for type casting machines, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a refining pot having a heat exchange chamber, a

fuel combustion chamber in active relation with said pot, an electric glower therein. and means for passing a vapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, means for passing the unconsumed vapor from said furnace through the heat exchange chamber and thence to said machines, a heater for each ofsaid machines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine. 7

25. In a heating system for a type casting machine, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a refining pot having a heat exchange chamber, a fuel combustion chamber in active relation with said pot, an electric glower therein, and means for passing a vapor throu 11 said glower into fuel in the combustion c amber, means for passing the unconsumed, vapor from said furnace through the heat exchange chamber and thence to said machine, a heater for said machine operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine, and

conducting means for transferring metal from the master furnace to said'pots.

26. In a heating system for t pe casting machines, an electric furnace or refining the working metal comprising arefining pot having a heat exchange chamber, a fuel combustion chamber in activerelati'on with said pot, an electric glower therein, andmeans for passing a vapor throu h said I glower into fuel in the combustion c amber, means for passing the unconsumed vapor u'rnace through the heat exchange chamber and thence to said machines, a heater for eachof saidmachines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal'for use in the maglower into chine, and conductingmeans for transferring metal from the master furnace to said pots. 1 q 2 27. In a heating system for atype casting machine, an electric furnace for refining the W king metal comprising a refining pot having a heat exchange chamber, a fuel combustion chamber in active relation with said pot, an electric glower therein, and means for assing a vapor ,throu h said el in the combustion c amber, means for'pa's'sing the unconsumed vapor from said furnace throughthe" heat exchange chamberand thence to said machine, a heater for said machine operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine, and conducting means for transferring metal from the master furnace to said pots comprising an elongated heat exchange chamber.

28. In a heating system for type casting machines, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a refining pot having a heat exchange chamber, a fuel combustion chamber in active relation with said pot, an electric glower therein, and means for passing a vapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, means for passing the unconsumed vapor from said furnace through the heat exchange.

chamber and thence to said machines, a heater for each of said machines operated by said unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine, and conducting means for transferring metal from the master furnace to said pots comprising an elongated heat exchangechamber.

29. In a heating system for a type casting machine, an electric furnace for refining the working metal comprising a refining pot having a heat exchange chamber, a\ fuel combustion chamber in active relation with said ,pot, an electric glower therein, and

means for passing a vapor throu h said prising an elongated heat exchange chamher having electro-res onsive means for superheating said cham er. r

30. In a heating system for type, casting machines, an electric furnace. for refining the working metal comprising a refining pot having a heat exchange chamber, a fuel combustion chamber in active relation'with said pot, an electric glower therein, and means for passing a vapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, means for passing the unconsumed vapor from said furnace through the heat exchange chamber and thence to said machines, a heater for each of said machines 0 created by said unconsumed vapor to fin- -a 1y pre are the working metal for use in the mac inc, and conducting means for transferring metal from the master furnace to ,said pots comprising an elongatedheat exchange chamber havingelectro-responsive means for superheating said. chamber.

31. The combination with a metal work- 'and (ill

chine, a heat exchange member for said pot adapted to maintain liquefaction, of a master furnace to supply heat transferring medium for the pot and to refine metal for use in said pot,and conducting means for transferring metal and heat transferring medium from the master furnace to said pot.

32. The combination with a plurality of metal working machines, a liquefying pot for each ofsaid machines, a heat exchange member for each of said pots adapted to maintain liquefaction, of a master furnace to supply heat transferring medium for the pots and to, refine metal for'use in said pots, and conducting means for transferring metal and heat transferring medium from the master furnaee to said pots.

33. The combination with a plurality of metal working machines, a liquefying pot for each of said machines, a heat exchange member for each of said pots adapted to maintain liquefaction of a master furnace to supply heat transferring medium for the pots and to refine'metal for use in said pots, and conducting means for transferring metal and heat transferring medium from the master furnace to said pots comprising an elongated heat exchange chamber.

34. The combination with a metal working machine, a liquefying pot for said machine, a heat exchange member for said pot adapted to maintain liquefaction, of masterfurnaceto supply heat transferring medium for the pot and to refine metal for use in said pot, and conducting means for transferring metal and heat transferring vmedium from the master furnace to said'pot comprising an elongated heat exchange chamber having electro-responsive -means for superheating the heat transferring medium.

35. The combination with a plurality of metal working machines, a'liquefying pot for each of said machines, a heat exchange member for each of said pots adapted to maintain liquefactiornof a master furnace to supply heat transferring medium for the pots and to refine metal for use in saidpots, conducting means for transferring metal and heat transferring medium from the master furnace to said pots comprising an elongated heat exchange chamber having electro-responsi've means for supcrheating the heat transferring medium.

, '36. The combinationiwith-v a type casting machinemelting pot constructed to use vapor as an actuating element, of a: furnace for heating vapor and for refining type metal and conductingmeans for transmitting said vapor vand said metal from the furnace to the pot. 37. The combination with a plurality of type casting machine melting pots constructed to use vapor as a heating medium, of a furnace for heating vapor and. for re- 'tion of a predetermined finingv type metal and conducting means for transmitting said vapor and said metal heating vapor and for refining type metaland a double pipe for transmitting said vapor and said metal from the furnace to the pot. p a

39. The combination with a plurality of type casting machine -meltin pots con structed to use vapor as a heatlng medium, of a furnacefor heating vapor and for refin ng type metal and a double pipe for transmitting said vapor and said metal from the furnace to the pots.

40. The combination with a type casting machine melting pot constructed to use vapor as a heating medium, of a furnace for heating vapor and for refining type metal, a double pipe for transmitting said vapor and said metal from the furnace to the pot, and electro-responsive means in active relation with said pipe to superheat said va or.

a type casting 41. T e combmation with aplurality of type casting machine melting pots constructed to use vapor as a heating medium, of a furnace for heating vap'or'and for refining type metal, a double pipe for transmitting said vapor and said metal from the furnace to the pots, and electro-responsive means in active relation with said pipe to superheat said vapor. i 42. A furnace for refining metal and heating vapor, a type casting machine melting pot actuated by heated vapor to prepare metal for casting type, conducting means for transferring said vapor and metal from the furnaceto the pot comprising a heat exchange chamber termined temperature,'and means for conducting to said heat exchange "chamber an; electric current for varying the degree of heat for obtaining substantially the desired temperature.

43. A furnace for refining metaland heating. vapor, a plurality of type casting Ina-1 chine melting pots actuated by heated vapor to prepare metal for casting type, conduct ing means for transferring said vapor and metal from the furnace to the pots comprising a heat exchange chamber for maintaining the temperature at an approximm temperature, and means for conducting to said eat exchange chamber an electric current for varying the degree of-eheat for obtaining substantially the, desired-temperature.

&4.In a heat control system fortype caste ing. machines, a typecastmg melting. pot, a master furnace vto refine metal and to supply heat to a. heat transferring medium,

for maintaining the temperature at an approximationof a prede conducting means for transferring metal from the furnace to the pot arranged to maintain the metal at an approximation of a desired temperature by means of the heat transferring medium and to conduct said medium from the furnace to the pot, and means for conducting adjacent said double conducting means,.a second medium of unlike character for varying the degree of heat to obtain substantially the desired to the pots; and means for conducting adjacentsaid double conducting means a second medium of unlike character for varying the degree of heat to obtain substantially the desired temperature.

46. In a heat control system for type casting machines, a type casting machine melt-' ing pot, a master furnace to refine metal and to supply heat to a heat transferring medium, conducting means for transferring metal from the furnace to the pot constructed to exchange heat from the medium to the metal to maintain the metal at an approximation of a desired temperature,

. and to conduct said medium from the furnace to the pot; and means for conducting adjacent said double conducting means a second medium of unlike character for very in.g thc degree of heat to obtain substantially the desired temperature.

47. In a heat control system for type casting machines, a plurality of type casting machine melting pots, a master furnace to refine metal and to supply heat to a heat transferring medium, conducting means for transferring metal from the furnace to the pots constructed to exchange heat from the medium to the metal to maintain the'metal at an approximation of a desired temperature, and to conduct said medium from the furnace to the pots; and means for conducting adjacent said double conducting means a second medium of unlike character for varying the degree of heat to obtain substantially the desired temperature.

48. In a heat control systemfor type casting machines, a type casting machine melting pot, a master furnace to refine metal and to supply heat to a heat transferring medi-' um, conducting means for transferring metal from the furnace to the pot constructed to exchange heat from the medium to the metal to maintain the metal at an approximation of a desired temperature, and to conduct said medium from the furnace to the pot; and means for conducting adj acent'said double'conducting' means an electric current for varying the degree of heat to obtain substantially the-desired temperature.

49. In a heat control system for type casting machines, a plurality of type casting machine melting pots, a master furnace to refine metal and to supply heat to a heat transferring medium, conducting means for transferring metal from the furnace to the pots constructed to exchange heat from the medium to the metal to maintain the metal at an approximation of a desired temperature, and to conduct said medium from the furnace to the pots; and means for conducting adjacent said double conducting means an electric current for varying the degree of heat to obtain substantially the desired temperature.

50. In a. heat control system for type casting machines, a plurality of type casting machine melting pots, a master furnace to refine metal and to supply heat to a heat transferring medium, conducting means for transferring metal from the furnace to the pots constructed to exchange heat from the medium to the metal to maintain the metal at an approximation of a desired tempera-.

ture and to conduct said medium from the furnace to the pots, and an electric heater for varying the degree of heat to obtain substantially the desired temperature.

51. A. system of heat distribution for a type casting machine comprising a source of heat transferring medium, a furnace actuated partly by said medium and adapted to refine metal'for use inthe pot, a pot'actuated partly by said medium for finally preparin the metal, a passageway for conducting t e metal from said furnace to the pot partially heated by said medium, and means for additionally actuating said furnace and heating said passageway and pot by a medium of unlike character.

52. A system of heat distribution for type casting machines'comp'rising a source of heat transferring medium, a furnace actuated partly by said medium and adapted to refine metal for use in the pots, a plurality of pots actuated partly by said medium for finally preparing the metal, a passageway for conducting the metal from said furnace to the pots partially heated by said medium, and means for additionally actuating said furnace and heating said passageways and pots by a medium of unlike character.

53. A heating. system for type casting machines comprising an electric furnace having a receptacle for refining the Working metal, a fuel combustion chamber for heating the receptacle, an electric glower therein and means for passing vapor through said glower into fuel lnthe combustion chamber, a conductingpassage-for -passing the unconsumed' vapor from said furnace to'the machines, a crucible for the said machines operated by the'unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the Working metal for use in the maichine, an electric vapor heater for heating the crucible, an automatic regulator responsive to decrease in temper ature for controlling said electric glower and additional automatic regulators for glower into fuel in the combustion chamber,

a conducting passage for passingthe unconchines, a crucible for the said machines 0p 1 erated by the unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metaltfor use in the machine, an electric vapor heater for heating the crucible, an automatic regulator responsive to increase in temperature for controlling said electric gloW'er and additional automatic regulators for said crucibles responsive to increase in temperature for controlling said electric vapor heater.

55. A heating system for type casting machines comprising. an electric furnace having a receptacle for refining the working ing thereceptacle,

- metal, a fuel combustion chamber for heatan' electric glower therein, and means for passing va or through said glower into fuel inthe com ustion'chamber,

sumed vapor from said furnace to the ma a conducting passage for-passing of unconsumed vapor from said furnace tov the machines, a crucible for the said machines operated by the unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in. the machine, an electric vapor heater for heat,- ing the crucible, an automatic regulator responsive to variations, in temperature for.

controlling said crucibles responsiveto variations in temperature for controlling said electric, vapor heater. a

56., A' heating system for type casting machines comprising an electric furnace having a receptacle for refining the Working metal, a fuel combustion chamber for heating the receptacle, an electric glower therein, and, means for passing vapor through said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, a conducting passage for passing unconsumed vapor from said furnace to the machines, a crucible for the said machines operated by the unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the'working metal for use in the machine, an electric vapor heater for heating the crucible, means responsive to decrease in temperature temperature responsive 1 from the furnace ing machine.

forcontrc/lling said electric glo ver and additional temperature responsive means re sponsive to decrease in temperature for controlling said electric vapor-heater.

57: A heating systemfor type casting machines comprisingjanv electric furnace having-areceptacle for refining the Working metal, a fuel combustion chamber for heating the receptacle, an electric glower therein, and .'means for passing vapor through said glower'into fuel in the combustion chamber, a conducting passage for passing unconsumed vapor fromsaid fur nace to the machines, a crucible for-the said machines operated by the unconsumed vapor to finally prepare thevvorking metal for use in the machine, an electric vapor heater for heating the crucible, temperature responsive means responsive to increase in temperature for controlling said electric gloiver and ad ditional temperature responsive means responsive to increase in temperature for con trolling said electric vapor heater.

I 58. A heating system for type casting machines comprising an electric furnace having areceptacle for refining the Working metal, a fuel combustion chamber for heating the receptacle, an electric-glower there in, and means for passing vapor through "said glower into fuel in the combustion chamber, a conducting passage for passingunconsumed vapor from said furnace to the machines,:a crucible for the said machines operated by the unconsumed vapor to finally prepare the working metal for use in the machine, an electric vapor heater for heating the crucible, temperature responsive means responsive to variations in temperature for controlling sald electr1c glower and additional temperature responsive means responsive to variations in temperature for controllin said electric vapor heater. 59. furnace arranged to heat vapor and to melt metal a non-contiguous metal work.

ing machine,-a il-means for transferring hot vapor and molten metal from the furnace to the machine.

60. A furnace arran to melt metal, a pluraht-y of non-contiguous metal working machines, and mea'n sflfor ed to heat vapor and A transferring hot vapor and molten"metal I to .the machines; l 7

, 61. A furnace arranged to heat vapor and to melt metal, anon-contiguous metal. work- ,andga' conduit arranged to lead hotvaporand molten metal from the furnace to the machine. i 62. A furnace arranged to heat va or and "to melt metal, a non-contiguous meta working machine, a conduit arranged to -.transfer molten metal from the furnace to the machine, said conduithaving a passage for --hot vapor'from the furnace.

63. A furnace arranged to heat vapor and to melt metal, plural y 9i l on-conti uou lfi- 1,589,466

metal working machines, a conduit arranged 65. A furnace arranged to heat a gaseous 10 to transfer molten metal from the furnace medium and to melt metal, a plurality of to the machines, said conduit having a passnon-contiguous metal working machines,

age for hot vapor from the furnace. and means for transferring hqt gaseous 64. A furnace arranged to heat a gaseous medium from the furnace to said machines. medium and to melt metal, anon-contiguous In witness whereof, I have hereunto set 15 metal working machine, and means for my hand this 2nd day of September, 1921. transferring hot gaseous medium from the furnace to saidmachine. WILLIAM S. HADAWAY, JR. 

